Gyratory crusher with wedge secured bowl liner



April 26, 1949. A. L. MUNRO 2,468,342

GYRATCRY CRUSHER WITH WEDGE SECURED BOWL LINER Filed Sept. 17, 1945 2 Sheets-Sheet l v INVENTOR.

B wwxzww A. L. MUNRO April 26, 1949.

2 ,Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Sept. 1'7, 1945 INVENTOR.

Patented Apr. 26, 1949 Nl'lED STATES rarer FFICE Application September 17, 1945, Serial No. 616,767

1 Claim. 1

The present invention relates in general to improvements in the crushing art, and relates more particularly to improvements in the construction and operation of gyratory crushers for the reduction of rock, ore and similar substances.

The primary object of my invention is to provide a new and useful crusher which is simple and durable in construction, and which is also exceedingly efficient in operation.

In the construction of gyratory crushers wherein a gyratory head is caused to cooperate with a relatively fixed concave to provide an annular intervening crushing chamber, it has long been common practice to protect the head and concave respectively with a mantle and a liner. These mantles and liners are ordinarily made of wear resistant material, and should be firmly but detachably secured to the heads and concaves in a manner whereby they may be readily renewed but cannot move freely relative to their supporting elements when the crushers are operating normally. While a number of relatively satisfactory fastenings have heretofore been utilized for attaching the mantles to the heads, including the so-called gun-loo wherein a lug on the mantle coacts with a wedge surface on the head, considerable dimculty has always been encountered in providing a simple, durable and readily removable fastener for securing the concave liners to their supports or bowls.

It has heretofore been proposed to also apply the gun-lock fastener to the concave bowl and ring liner, and it was a relatively simple matter to make such application in small crusher units wherein not more than two locking lugs were required. However, when the diameters of the gunlock joints were necessarily increased as in larger crusher units, and more than two attaching lugs adapted to simultaneously coaot with a plurality of wedge surfaces of an adjoining concave liner suspension element became necessary, the construction difficulty encountered became extremely complex and increased tremendously with the introduction of each additional lug. In order to provide an effective and durable gunlock fastening embodying a plurality of wedge surfaces and cooperating clamping lugs, all of the lugs must simultaneously coact with the adjacent wedge surfaces in substantially the same manner at all times; and if this is not the case, one or more of the fastening lugs will be subjected to excessive stress and the liner will not be firmly and uniformly clamped to its support.

It is therefore a more specific object of this invention to provide an improved gun-lock type of fastening for the renewable concave ring or liner of a gyratory crusher or the like, which overcomes the above mentioned difliculties, and which may be effectively applied to crushers of various sizes and diameters.

Another specific object of the present invention is to provide an improved detachable attachment between adjoining elements of a crusher, one of which is normally fixed and the other of which is ordinarily subjected to considerable twisting or torsion, and wherein the relative twisting action will automatically clamp the two elements against each other.

A further specific object of my invention is to provide an improved gyratory crusher concave liner fastening which may be readily constructed and assembled to most effectively and firmly attach the liner to its support at numerous remotely spaced points, while still permitting convenient removal of the liner.

Still another specific object of the invention is to provide an improved attachment for effecting rigid suspension of one-piece crusher concave liner rings of relatively large diameter, from their suspension supports or bowls, in a most expeditious and efficient manner.

These and other specific objects and advantages of my invention will be apparent from the following detailed description.

A clear conception of the features constituting the present improvement, and of the mode of constructing and utilizing concave liner fastenings embodying the invention, may be had by referring to the drawings accompanying and forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Fig. l is a central vertical section through a typical gyratory crusher embodying the improved detachable concave liner ring fastening;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged fragmentary top View of the normally fixed concave of the gyratory crusher looking downwardly through the feed inlet opening;

Fig. 3 is a similarly enlarged central vertical section through the improved concave assembly of the crusher, taken along the line 33 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is another similarly enlarged central vertical section through the composite concave assemblage, taken along the line 4-4 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 5 is a side view of one of the improved segmental liner fastening wedges or elements;

' and Fig. 6 is a top view of the tapered segment or wedge element of Fig. 5.

Although the invention has been shown and described herein as being advantageously applicable to a specific type of gyratory crusher having an approximately conical crushing head cooperating with a frustro-conical concave assemblage tapered in the same general direction as the head to provide a downwardly and outwardly flaring crushing chamber or zone, it is not my desire or intention to thereby unnecessarily limit the scope or the utility of the improved features which may obviously be more generally applied to other types of machines having differently shaped cooperating heads and concaves.

Referring especially to Fig. 1 of the drawings, the typical gyratory crusher specifically illustrated therein comprises in general a sturdy normally stationary main frame 8 having an integral central hub 9 surrounded by an annular outer well l; an upright eccentric ll rotatable within the frame hub 9 bymeans of a horizontal drive shaft l2 having thereon a bevel pinion l3 meshing with a bevel gear wIt secured to the upper end of the eccentric II; a substantially conical inner crushing memberor head protected externally by a frustro-conical crushing mantle it and being firmly secured to the upper portion of a gyratory shaft H the lower portion of which coacts with the eccentric bore I18; an annular normally fixed outer crushing member or concave bowl I9 protected internally by a frustro-ccnical ring liner 2ll cooperating with the head mantle It to provide a downwardly and outwardly flaring crushing zone 2! having an upper central feed inlet opening 22 and a lower annular crushed product outlet opening 23, the bowl l9 also providing a support for a feed hopper-24 communicating with the opening 22 and having therein a feed plate 25 carried by the gyratory head actuating shaft H; a concave mounting ring 26 adjustably secured to the outer frame wall In by means of a single or multiple segment wedge ring 27, and coating with an annular flange 28 formed integral with the periphery of the concave bowl is; and safety release mechanism interposed between the bowl [9 and ring 26 and consisting primarily of an upper reaction vmember 29 surrounding the hopper 24 and coacting with nuts 30 secured to upright studs 3| carried by the mounting ring 26, anda series of helical compression springs 32 confined between the member 29 and bowl flange 28.

The central hub 9 and Outer wall Iii of the main frame 8, are rigidly united, and the upright eccentric H is journalled for positive rotation in a guide bearing 33 confined within the hub 9 and rests upon a lower thrust bearing 34, with its vertical center line or axis of gyration disposed centrally of the feed inlet opening 22. The inner crushing member or head I5 to which the frustro-conical mantle l6 may be firmly but detachably secured in any suitable manner, is not positively rotated but is journalled for free rotation relative to the eccentric II by means of the shaft l1 coacting with the eccentric bore l8 and also by means of an upper thrust bearing 35 interposed between the head [5 and eccentric II. The common central axis of the eccentric head shaft confining bore l8 and bearing 35, is slightly inclined relative to the main vertical axis of gyration of the crusher, and as shown these two axes intersect above the crushing chamber 2i and slightly beneath the feed regulating plate 25, but they may in some cases be disposed parallel to each other. Suitable lubricating mechanism for constantly circulating lubricant through the enclosed bearings 33, 34, 35 and over the likewise enclosed gears 13, M and to the bearings of the drive shaft 12 in a well known manner is also provided.

The annular outer wall Ill of the main frame 8, is provided with an upper outer tapered surface with whichthe inner surface of the wedge ring ccacts, and the outer portion of this ring is provided with screw threads coacting with internal threads formed on the concave mounting ring 28. The outer mounting ring 26 is furthermore provided with mechanism 37 for revolving the same when :these-gments of the wedge ring v '2?- have been released, and these ring segments may be locked inposition with the aid of jack screws 38whenever proper vertical adjustment of the mounting ring 26 has been effected. The inher portion of the mounting ring 28 is also provided with an annular apron- 39 which is 'slidably cooperab'le with 'the uppe'r inner portion of the fixed annular frame wall lll whenever the ring 25 is being adjusted, and this protective apron surrounds and is spaced from-the annular crushed material outletopenihg 23 of the crushing zone 2 2. Since the supporting flange 28 of the annular outer crushing member-or concave bowl l9, rests directly upon the upper ridge portion of the mounting ring 25,- vertical adjustment of the latter will obviously vary the size of the crushing ch mber or zcne 2i and ofits discharge opening 23.

As previously -indicated, the annular outer crushing member or b'owldll is protected internally by a-f-rustro-conical concave ring-or bowl liner 2B which cooperates with the head protecting mantle l6 to -provide the =downwardly and outwardly flaring crushing'zone 2 I ,and the mode of detachably butfirmlysecuring this liner 20 to the bowl l9 constitutes 'an important part of my present invention. shown more in detail in Figs. 2 to 6 inclusive, the one-piece or unitary liner ring 26 is provided with a 'frustro-conical upper surface M which is adapted to snugly enage a lower similar surface of the bowl l9, and the liner 2i! is-also provided withan integral annular upwardly directed flange 4| having four outwardly directed sturdy-lugs 42 formed integral therewith. The flange-4i bounds the central crusher inlet opening 22 which communicates with the rawmaterlal-supply-hopper24 and leads into the crushing zone' 2|,- and the concave bowl I9 is provided with an inwardly directed integral flange 53 which is divided into segments by radial 7 accurately positioned with'respect to their supporting surfaces A5, and may be held against possible displacement relative'to these surfaces, either by providing keyed! embedded in the bowl flange 43 at the'larger ends of the wedges, or by welding the Wedges-46 to the'fflange43, or by both keys and w'elding,-o'r in any other suitable manner. The formation and location of the segmental Wedges ifishould be such, that when the unitary ring liner-'20 is applied to the annular bowl 19 from beneath, by passing the liner lugs 42 upwardly through the spaces 44 of the bowl flange 43 and by thereafter turning the liner rin 20 ina clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2, all of the liner lugs 42 should simultaneously engage the adjacent segment wedges 46 and will thus uniformly clamp the liner surface 49 against the bowl I9 throughout the entire area thereof. Any subsequent pressures subsequently applied to the ring liner 20 and tending to turn it in the same direction, will also force the lugs 42 along the adjacent fixed wedges 46 thus providing a self-tightening or automatic fastening for the liner; but by turning the liner ring 29 in the opposite direction, the clamping efiect may be readily released and downward removal of the liner from the bowl I9 may be readily effected in an obvious manner.

The safety release mechanism for preventing possible breakage of the liner 2i] and bowl I9 in case uncrushable material is admitted to the crushing zone 2I, and which consists primarily of the upper reaction member 29, th nuts 36 and studs 3i connecting the member 29 to the concave mounting ring 26, and the compression springs 32 coacting with the concave bowl flange 23 and reacting against the member 29, is of relatively old and well known construction. The springs 32 normally hold the bowl flange 28 in snug coaction with the upper annular ridge of the bowl mounting ring 26, but when abnormally hard material such as a steam shovel tooth enters the crushing zone 2!, this material coacts with the bowl I9 through the liner 20 and compresses the adjacent springs 32 sufiiciently to permit the abnormal object to pass through the crushing chamber and out through the discharge opening 23. After the obstruction is thus delivered from the crushing zone 23, the springs 32 again become active to promptly restore the bowl I9, liner 29, and hopper 24 to the normal position as shown in Fig. l, and the improved concave liner fastening is not objectionably affected by such abnormal operating conditions.

During normal operation of the improved gyratory crusher, the drive shaft I 2 is being constantly rotated at the desired speed, thereby imparting positive rapid rotation to the eccentric II and producing similarly rapid gylation of the crusher head I5 and mantle Iii relative to the concave bowl I9 and liner 29, while permitting free rotation of the head I5 and shaft l! with respect to the eccentric II and concave H). The raw material which is admitted to the crushing zone 2! from the supply hopper 24 through the inlet opening 22, is subjected to a succession of crushing impulses as it gravitates downwardly through the annular downwardly and outwardly flaring crushing chamber, and is eventually sufficiently reduced and discharged from the lower end of the crushing zone 2i through the outlet opening 23. The finished product thereafter drops through the apron ring 39 and is delivered from the main frame 8 through the space between the hub and outer wall HI, and the feed plate 25 which gyrates and is free to rotate with the head I5 and shaft II serves to enhance uniform distribution of the material entering the crusher.

When the gyratory crusher is operating normally and material is flowing through the crushing Zone 2|, this material frequently becomes wedged between the head mantle l6 and concave ring 28 and tends to turn the latter in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 2. This turning tendency causes the liner lugs 42 to be constantly urged upwardly along the inclined surfaces of the segmental wedges 46, thereby augmenting the.

properly initially positioned so as to insure simultaneous contact between all of the lugs 42 and the adjacent wedging surfaces, uniform subsequent clamping will be positively maintained whenever turning or relative angular displacement of the liner ring 29 and concave bowl I9 occurs, and such turning of the liner may occur if the ring 28 becomes worn and stretched by the repeated peening and abrasive action resulting from crushing. If it becomes desirable to remove the liner ring 29, the concave assemblage may be removed from its mounting ring 26, whereupon the bowl liner may be quickly released from the wedges 46 and withdrawn through the spaces 44 of the bowl flange 43; and the flange surfaces 45 and wedges 49 may be conveniently dressed and finished so as to insure most effective fastening of the liner ring 29 to the concave bowl I9.

From the foregoing detailed description it Will be apparent that my present invention provides an improved crusher assemblage which besides being simple, compact and durable in construction, is also highly efficient in operation. The improved fastening mechanism for effecting firm attachment of the ring liner 2!) to the concave bowl I 9, while being readily constructable, insures maximum life of the liners and concaves, and also provides for convenient assembly and dismantling of these parts, This fastening structure may be effectively applied to crushers having bowls of large diameter and wherein more than three clamping lugs 42 are required in order to insure proper attachment of the liner rings 20; and by providin a separate or individual segmental clamping wedge 46 coacting with each lug 42, the flat surfaces 45 may be readily and accurately dressed by a simple grinding operation, and the wedges 4 6 may be formed of more readily machineable material and properly positioned so as to insure the desired uniform clamping at all of the lugs 42. The lugs 42 are thus subjected to substantially the same pressures, and breakage due to over-stress is avoided, and the invention has in fact proven highly successful in actual commercial use. The present improvement may obviously be applied to diverse types of crushers at moderate cost, and eliminates necessity of laboriously machining and excessively dressing hard concave bowls, and the like.

It should be understood that it is not desired to limit this invention to the exact details of construction and to the precise mode of operation and use, herein shown and described, for various modifications within the scope of the appended claim may occur to persons skilled in the art.

I claim:

In a gyratory crusher, a crushing head gyratable about an axis, a concave bowl of relatively large diameter surrounding said axis and cooperating with said head to form an annular outwardly flaring crushing chamber, said concave having thereon a frustro-conical surface facing said head and an annular surface at its smaller end interrupted into an annular series of segments by more than three inwardly open gaps, a unitary manganese steel liner having a frustroconical surface remote from said chamber adapted to directly engage a portion of said frustro- 2,468,842 7 8 conical bowl surface and also having integral out- REFERENCES wardly extending lugs insertable through said The following references are of record 1n the gaps and subsequently disposable in spaced relation to each of said segmental bowl surfaces upon file of thls Patentrelative turning of said liner and bowl, and an 5 N ED A PATENTS independently manipulable Wedge driven in the direction of extent of said segment series into the Number Name Date 7 space between each of said lugs and the adjacent 3 8 Brown 1850 segmental surface and being locked against dis- 2090449 Knudtzen 1937 placement 10 ,1 ,27 B mpel Mar. 8, 1 38 2,341,543 Gruender Feb. 15, 1944 ALEXANDER MUNRO 2,359,987 Gruender Oct. 10, 1944 

